Skin Allergies 101 – Summit Veterinary Care

Allergic dermatitis is the leading reason for veterinary visits, with approximately 30 million households in the United States having a dog suffering from pruritus, or itching. Of those dogs, 8 million go untreated. Thankfully, over the past five years, there has been a 40% increase in the number of itchy dogs who were brought to the vet for treatment!

Both dogs and cats can experience skin allergies, which present as chewing, licking, scratching, rubbing, and hair loss. Dogs commonly have issues on their feet, while cats often suffer on their belly, bottom, or face. Sometimes though, the allergies are generalized, affecting multiple or all areas across the pet’s body. Persistent itching can lead to open wounds, additional pain, and discomfort, and secondary issues such as ear or skin infections and anal gland problems.

What is Allergic Dermatitis?

Allergic dermatitis, is where allergens make their way onto the skin and then infiltrate the skin barrier. It is not necessarily from breathing in allergens, the way humans tend to experience allergies.

Alternatively, atopic dermatitis presents with similar symptoms. Atopy is the genetic tendency to develop an allergic disease. This can be due to a heightened immune response to common substances in the environment. Many dogs tend to show signs between the ages of 1 and 3.

Common Causes and Symptoms

Allergies in pets can come from various causes. Pets could be allergic to flea saliva, making even a single bite intensely itchy. Another cause could be food allergies, which is commonly related to protein sources in food, such as chicken or beef. Lastly, but most common, the environment can cause allergies in pets. Some pets experience these allergies year round, while others have symptoms seasonally. This can be triggered by factors such as pollen, dust mites, or mold

Secondary infections, including bacterial, yeast, or parasitic, often accompany allergies – especially when they are left untreated. Therefore, working with a veterinarian is crucial to diagnose and treat the underlying cause and any secondary infections.

Treatment vs Maintenance

Treating allergic dermatitis can be difficult, and often requires a multi-modal approach. It is important to understand that an allergy cannot be cured, but the symptoms and the itchy sensation can be controlled and managed. Some examples of maintenance treatments include:

Immediate Relief: Short-term medications like corticosteroids or antihistamines can alleviate acute symptoms. Topical treatments and medicated baths may also provide quick relief.
Chronic Management: Long-term medications such as immunosuppressants or allergy shots (immunotherapy) help manage symptoms over time. Options include Apoquel and Cytopoint, which target specific pathways in the body’s allergic response.
Supplements: Studies have shown that supplements like omega-3 fatty acids can support skin health.

Tips for Managing Pet Allergies

Look for symptoms such as red or blotchy skin, scratching, licking, biting, head shaking, recurring ear infections, hot spots, and hair loss. Regular grooming, skin checks, and regular veterinary visits can help detect issues early.
Consulting your veterinarian for early and accurate diagnosis is vital to managing your pet’s allergies effectively. Keep a detailed history of your pet’s symptoms and any potential triggers, and share this information with your veterinarian.
Adhere to the prescribed medications and supplements for chronic management. Consistency is key to preventing flare-ups and maintaining your pet’s comfort.
Work closely with your veterinarian to adjust treatments as needed, especially if your pet is affected by seasonal allergies. Regular check-ups and updates on your pet’s condition can help improve your pet’s allergy management plan.

Breeds Prone to Allergies

There are certain dog breeds that can be predisposed to allergies. Golden retrievers and labrador retrievers are known for being susceptible to skin issues. West Highland white terriers and other terriers are often prone to both food and environmental allergies. Additionally, bulldogs and their unique skin folds can harbor allergens and lead to skin infections.

However, any dog or cat, including mixed breeds, can develop allergic skin diseases.

By understanding the signs, causes, and treatments of allergic dermatitis, you can significantly improve your pet’s quality of life. Proactive care is key to managing this common yet challenging condition.